What is the color of the pixel at x, y?  (Note that getpixel() returns the 
color of the pixel at the specified coordinate.)

   int x = 100, y = 100;
   putpixel(x, y, RED);                              
   if (getpixel(x, y) == RED)                        
      putpixel(x, y, GREEN);                         
   if (getpixel(x, y) == BLUE)
      putpixel(x, y, YELLOW);
   if  (getpixel(x, y) == GREEN)
      putpixel(x, y, BLUE);

A. RED   
B. GREEN 
C. YELLOW
**D. BLUE 
E. PURPLE


How many lines of output are produced in the following?

   int i;
   int x[5] = {0, 2, 3, 1, 4};
   for (i=0; i<3 && x[x[i]] < 3; i++)
   {
      cout << "computing\n";
   }
   if (i >= 3)
      cout << "computing\n";

A.  4      B.  2       **C. 1       D. 0      E. None of the above


How many lines of output are produced in the following?

   int i, j;
   int x[5] = {0, 2, 3, 1, 4};
   for (i=0; i<3 ; i++)
   {
      for (j=0; j<x[i]; ++j) 
      {
	 cout << "computing\n";
      }
   }


**A.  5      B.  2       C. 6      D. 0      E. None of the above



What will be printed in the following code fragment: 

   int a[3][5];
   for(int x=0;x<3;x++) {
       for(int y=0;y<5;y++) }
	   a[x][y] = x*y;
       }
   }
   int *p = &(a[0][0]);
   cout << *(p+10);

A. 2      B. 15      C. 11      **D. 0    E. None of the above


What will the following print?

   int *p, *q;
   int i =10, j=4;
   p = &i;
   q = &j;
   cout << *p + *q ;

**A. 14
B. 10
C. 4
D. 6
E. Impossible to determine

What will the following print?

   int *p, i;
   p = &i;
   *p = 8;
   cout << i;

A. nothing, the value of i is undefined;
B. the address of variable p
C. NULL
**D. 8
E. Impossible to determine


What will the following print?

   int *p;
   *p = 8;
   cout << *p;

A. 8
B. address of variable p
C. NULL
**D. This example does not make sense
E. 0


What will be the output of the following code (assume the
necessary include files)?

   void change(int &a, int &b, int c)
   {
       a=4;
       b=5;
       c=6;
   }                                               
						   
   int main()
   {
      int a=1, b=2, c=3;
      change(a, b, c);
      cout << a << " " << b << " " << c;
      return EXIT_SUCCESS;
   }

A. 1 5 3 
B. 4 5 6  
**C. 4 5 3  
D. 1 2 3  
E. 1 2 6  


Which of the expressions below does not make sense given the
following declaration?

   int a[10];

**A. a = a + 2
B. *(&a[2])
C. *(a+2)
D. a[2]
E. All are ok


What is the output?

   int i;
   float array[100];
   float *p = &(array[50]);

   for (i=0; i<100; i++) 
      array[i] = float(2*i);
   cout << *(p+5);

A. 100        B. 55       **C. 110       D. 105        E. NULL



15. Suppose you are reading from a file "dog" with the following lines:

   hello CSCI 1300
   how are you today?

with the following code:

   char str1[100], str2[100];
   ifstream in;

   in.open("dog");
   
   in >> str1 >> str2;
   cout << strelen(str1) + strlen(str2);

What will be printed out?

A. 33
B. 15
**C. 9
D. 13
E. None of the above


Given the following bit of code, which of the following is equivalent
to *(q+4)?

   int a[10], *p, *q;
   p = a;   q = &a[4];

A. *p[8]
B. &p[8]
C. a+8
**D. a[8]
E. a[4]+4

Examine the following code and indicate what will be printed. 

   int index[5] = {3, 1, 2, 0, 4};
   char str[] = "This_sucks";
   for (int i=1; i<5; ++i)
      cout << str[index[i-1]+1];

A. This_
B. ishs
C. shiT
**D.  _ish
E. This


What is the output of the following code ?

   const int X_SIZE = 600;
   const int Y_SIZE = 450;

   void step(int &ant_x, int &ant_y, int dir)
   {
       switch (dir)
       {
       case 0:
	   ant_x = (ant_x + 1) % X_SIZE;
	   break;
       case 1:
	   ant_y = (ant_y + 1) % Y_SIZE;
	   break;
       case 2:
	   ant_x -= 1;
	   if (ant_x < 0)
	       ant_x += X_SIZE;
	   break;
       case 3:
	   ant_y -= 1;
	   if (ant_y < 0)
	       ant_y += Y_SIZE;
	   break;
       default:
           cout << dir << " is undefined\n";
	   exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
       }
   }

   int main()
   {
       int x = 100, y = 200, dir = 0;
       step(x, y, dir);
       step(x, y, dir++);
       cout << x << " " << y << endl;
       return 0;
   }

A.  100 200
B.  101 200
C.  101 201
D.  100 201
**E.  None of the above


What is the output of the following code ?

   void turn_left(int dir)
   {
       dir = (dir - 1);
   }

   void turn_right(int &p_dir)
   {
       p_dir = (p_dir + 1);
   }

   int main()
   {
       int dir1 = 3, dir2 = 3;
       turn_left(dir1);
       turn_right(dir2);
       cout << dir1 << " " << dir2 << endl;
       return 0;
   }

A. 3 3
B. 2 0
**C. 3 4
D. 2 3
E. none of the above


What is the output of the following code?

   char c = 'b';
   switch(c)
   {
      case 'a':                                             
	 cout << "0";                
      case 'b':                                             
	 cout << "1";                
      case 'c':                                             
	 cout << "2";
      default:
	 cout << "3";
   }

   A. 01
   B. 1
   **C. 123
   D. 12
   E. None of the above   


Consider the following code fragment:

   if_stream in_stream;
   in_stream.open("input.txt");
   int cat;
   char dog, pig[100];

Which of the following lines will never read more than one character from
the file "input.txt"?

A. in_stream >> cat;
B. in_stream >> dog;
**C. in_stream.get(dog);
D. in_stream >> pig;
E. Two or more of the above


Suppose the file "hello.txt" contains the text "hello, world...".

What will the following code fragment print?

   char ch;
   int i = 0;
   ifstream in;
   in.open("hello.txt");
   in.get(ch);
   while (ch != '.')
   {
      ++i;
      in.get(ch);
   }
   cout << i << endl;

A. 0
B. 13
**C. 12
D. 2
E. None of the above



What will the following program fragment output?
   
   int a[10], i;

   a[0] = a[1] = 1;
   for (i=2; i<10; ++i) 
   {
      a[i] = a[i-1] + a[i-2];
   }
   cout << a[5];

A. 0  B. 1  C. 5  **D. 8  E. 13


What picture will this code produce?  Reminder:  COLOR(r,g,b) is
a macro that produces a particular red-green-blue color value.

   const int SIZE=512;
   for (int row=0; row<SIZE; row++) 
   {
      for (int col=0; col<SIZE; col++) 
      {
	 putpixel(row, col, COLOR(col%51, col%51, col%51));
      }
   }

A. Horizontal rainbow stripes
B. Horizontal greyscale (black to white) stripes
C. Vertical rainbow stripes
**D. Vertical greyscale stripes
E. Cannot be determined from the above code 


Which statement is true of the declaration "int xx[10]"?

**A. xx is the memory address of the first member of the array 
B. *xx is the memory address of the first member of the array 
C. xx is the first member of the array 
D. xx is an integer variable
E. None of the above


Which statement is true following the execution of this code?

   int a[10];
   int *p;
   p = a;
   ++p;

A. p contains the value of a[0]
B. p contains the value of a[1]
C. p contains the address of a[0]
**D. p contains the address of a[1]
E. None of the above


Given a function with the prototype

   void ComputeSolution(char &fname, int radius, double &torsion, 
                        double strain[][3]);

which variable(s) are certain NOT be altered following the execution of 
the function call

  ComputeSolution(x, r, z, sarray); 

A. x
**B. r
C. z
D. sarray[0][1]
E. radius


31. For the following array declarations and function prototype:

   double real[1024], imaginary[1024];
   void FFT(double real[], double complex[]);

which of the following is NOT a valid way to call the function FFT?

**A. FFT(real[0],imaginary[0]);
B. FFT(real, imaginary);
C. FFT(&real[0], &imaginary[0]);
D. FFT(&real[100], &imaginary[50]);
E. FFT(imaginary, real);


32. Given the following two ways of doing the same thing:

   FIRST					SECOND

   #define WINX 400 			|
   #define WINY 500   		        |
   #define LINECOLOR RED		|
   int main()				|	int main()
   {					|	{
       initwindow(WINX,WINY);	        |	    initwindow(400,500);
       setcolor(LINECOLOR);	        |	    setcolor(RED);
       line(0,0,WINX/2,WINY/2);		|	    line(0,0,200,250);
       while (!kbhit());    		|	    while (!kbhit());
       return EXIT_SUCCESS;	        |	    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
   }					|	}

Which of the following statements are true?

**A. The FIRST is a preferred design because it utilizes constants to 
control subsequent commands in the main program, thus facilitating 
modifications with ease.

B. The SECOND is a preferred design because it is shorter and legibility is 
what matters in a program since the computer will compile both versions 
into the same executable code. 

C. Both of these programs will draw a fractal pattern.

D. Both of these programs will terminate when the user clicks the left mouse
button during program execution.

E. Only one of these programs will terminate when the user clicks the left
mouse button during program execution.


Which of these statements is NOT true of the following array definition:

   int xx[5][7];

**A. xx[1][0] and *(xx+8) refer to the same value
B. xx[1] is a pointer to an integer
C. xx[2][3] is an integer
D. xx[2][3] is stored in memory BEFORE xx[3][2]
E. xx[3][3] and *(xx+24) refer to the same value


Given this function:

   int beavis(int hehe)
   {
      if (hehe > 5) return (beavis(hehe-5) * hehe);
      else return 2;
   }

What does "beavis(6)" evaluate to?

A. 2   B. 5   *C. 12   D. 6   E. 30


What is most troublesome about this recursive function:

   int stan(int kyle)
   {
      if (kyle == 0) return 1;
      return (stan(kyle-2)*2-1);
   }

A. It cannot handle floating point values
B. For some inputs, it will return a negative number
C. "kyle" is a bad choice of variable name
*D. For some inputs, it will recurse forever (i.e., never terminate)
E. stan(0) produces the same value as stan(2)


What is wrong with this function that is supposed to print out the
elements of a linked list?

   struct link {
      int data;
      struct link *next;
   }
   void print_link_list(link *l)
   {
      cout << l->data << endl;
      if (l != NULL)
         print_link_list(l->next);
   }

A. "l->data" and "l->next" should be "l.data" and "l.next"
*B. It will blow up if called with a NULL list
C. The recursion will never terminate.
D. The argument to the function should be "link l" not "link *l"
E. The function should be defined as "int print_link_list(...)" not
   "void print_link_list(...)"


Given the print_link_list() function from the question above, what will 
"print_link_list(&x1)" return, assuming that we have defined the following:

   link x1, x2, x3;
   x1.data = 7;
   x1.next = &x2;
   x2.data = 4;
   x2.next = &x3;
   x3.data = 9;
   x3.next = NULL;

A. 7 9 4   *B. 7 4 9   C. 7   D. 4 9 7   E. none of the above


Given the print_link_list() function from question above, what will 
"print_link_list(&x3)" return, assuming that we have defined the following:

   link x1, x2, x3;
   x1.data = 7;
   x1.next = NULL;
   x2.data = 4;
   x2.next = &x1;
   x3.data = 9;

A. 9 4 7   B.  9 7 4   C.  7   D. 9 7   *E. none of the above

Given the print_link_list() function from the question above, what will 
"print_link_list(&x1)" return, assuming that we have defined the following:

   link x1, x2, x3;
   x1.data = 7;
   x1.next = &x2;
   x2.data = 4;
   x2.next = &x3;
   x3.data = 9;

A. 7 9 4   B.  9 7 4   C.  7   D. 9 7   *E. cannot be determined


Given the print_link_list() function from the question above, what will 
"print_link_list(&x2)" return, assuming that we have defined the following:

   link x1, x2, x3;
   x1.data = 7;
   x1.next = NULL;
   x2.data = 4;
   x2.next = &x3;
   x3.data = 9;
   x3.next = &x1;

*A. 4 9 7   B.  7 9 4   C.  7   D. 9 7   E. cannot be determined


Given the following declarations:

   int k = 7;
   struct coords {
      int x[20];
      int y[20];
   };
   double f = 9.7;
   coords q[10];
   const coords *v = &q[1];

which of the following expressions is invalid?

A. q[1].x   *B. q[1]->x   C. v->y[2]   D. &f   E. none of the above


Given the above declarations, which of the following expressions is
invalid?

A. int(f) + q[4].y[0]   B. *(q[2].x)   C. &v   *D. &(k+3)   E. none of the above


Given the above declarations, which of the following expressions is
invalid?

*A. x[4]   B. (*v).x[4]   C. *(&f)   D. q[k].x[k]   E. none of the above


In the following code, what will be printed?

   enum {DOG, CAT, PIG, HORSE} animal;
   animal = PIG;
   cout << animal << endl;

A. PIG   B. pig   C. 0   D. 1   *E. 2


What is most troublesome about the following declaration?

   enum {TRUE, FALSE} flag;

A. The enumeration should include UNDEFINED
B. The United States flag is red, white, and blue
*C. TRUE will have value 0, and elsewhere in the C/C++ language non-zero
   values are considered true.
D. TRUE will have value 1, and elsewhere in the C/C++ language zero values
   are considered true.
E. flag is not assigned an initial value


What will "update(FROSH)" return given the following function definition?

   enum {FROSH, SOPH, JUNIOR, SENIOR, POSTGRAD} year;
   year update(year y)
   {
      switch(y) {
         case FROSH:  return SENIOR;
	 case JUNIOR: return POSTGRAD;
	 case SOPH:   return FROSH;
	 default:     return JUNIOR;
      }
   }

A. FROSH   B. SOPH   C. JUNIOR   *D. SENIOR   E. POSTGRAD


Given the definition from the previous question, what will 
"update(update(FROSH))" return?

A. FROSH   B. SOPH   *C. JUNIOR   D. SENIOR   E. POSTGRAD

(17) Given the definition from the previous question, what will 
"update(update(SOPH))" return?

A. FROSH   B. SOPH   C. JUNIOR   *D. SENIOR   E. POSTGRAD


What does the following code output?
   
   int x = 7;
   cout << x++ << " ";
   cout << x << endl;

A. 8 8   B. 8 7   C. 7 7   *D. 7 8   E. none of the above


What does the following code output?
   
   int x = 7;
   cout << --x << " ";
   cout << x << endl;

*A. 6 6   B. 6 7   C. 7 7   D. 7 6   E. none of the above


What will the following code output?

   struct student {
      char last_name[50];
      char grade;
   }
   student class[4] = {{"Mozer",'B'},{"Howe",'A'},{"Daniel",'C'},{"Feng",'A'}};
   int i, ct = 0;
   for (i=0; i<4; ++i)
      ct += (class[i].grade == 'A');
   cout << ct << endl;

A. 0   B. 1   *C. 2   D. 3   E. 4


If we change the loop of the previous question as follows, what will the 
code output?

   for (i=0; i<3; ++i)
      ct += (class[i].grade == 'B' && class[i+1].grade == 'C');

*A. 0   B. 1   C. 2   D. 3   E. 4


If we change the loop of the earlier question as follows, what will the code 
output?

   for (i=0; i<4; i+=2)
      if (class[i].grade == 'A') ++ct;

*A. 0   B. 1   C. 2   D. 3   E. 4


If we change the loop of the earlier question as follows, 
what will the code output?

   for (i=0; i<4; ++i)
      if (class[i].last_name[1] == 'e') ++ct;

A. 0   B. 1   *C. 2   D. 3   E. 4


Which of the following declarations make the most sense to represent 
a set of 25 lines in a graphics program, each line defined by a pair of 
(x,y) coordinates?

A. struct { int x[25], y[25]; } lines[2];    D. struct { int p[25][4]; } lines;
*B. struct { int x[2], y[2]; } lines[25];     E. struct { int p[25]; } lines[4];
C. struct { int x[25][2]; } lines;


Which of the following is equivalent to

   int scores[5];

A. int *scores; 
B. int scores; *scores = new int[5];
*C. int *scores; *scores = new int[5];
D. int scores; scores = new [5] int;
E. int *scores; scores = & new int[5];


Which of the following expressions evaluates to be a pointer, given the 
declaration below?

   int homer[40], *bart, marge;

A. *bart				D. marge
B. homer[12]				*E. none of the above
C. *(homer+1)


Which of the following expressions evaluates to be an integer value,
given the declarations of the previous question?

A. &marge				D. homer+2
*B. homer[7]				E. none of the above
C. bart


Which of the following is not a pointer, given the declaration below?

   int fred[30][2], wilma[9], dino, *pebbles;

A. fred[7]				*D. *(fred[4])
B. &fred[7][1]				E. pebbles
C. wilma+8


What does the expression (7 % 4) - 9 / 3 evaluate to?

A. -3   B. -2   *C. 0   D. 2   E. 3


What does the expression (9 > 4 && 6 <= 4) evaluate to?

*A. 0   B. 1   C. 4   D. 6   E. 9


What does (f1 / f2 + d) evaluate to given the definitions below?

   double f1 = 4, f2 = 8;
   int d = 8;

A. 0				*D. 8.5
B. 0.25				E. cannot be determined
C. 8


What will be printed by the following code:

   if (7 || 9 > 10)
      cout << "don't make me ";
   if (9 != 12 - 3)
      cout << "kick ";
   else
      cout << "your ash";

A. kick your ash			D. don't make me kick your ash
B. don't make me			*E. don't make me your ash
C. don't make me kick


Which of the following is equivalent to (x > y || y > x) ?

A. x == y				D. x && y
*B. x != y				E. x > (y || y) > x
C. x < y && y < x


What will be output by the following code?

    int i = 2, j = 0;
    while (j <= 5) {
       cout << j << " ";
       if (i) {
          ++j;
	  --i;
       }
       ++j;
    }

A. 0 2 4				D. 0 1 2 3 4
B. 0 1 2 3 4 5				E. 0 2 4 6 8 10
*C. 0 2 4 5


How many times will "give up" be printed in the following code?

   for (int i=1; i<4; ++i) {
      for (int j=3; j>0; --j) {
         cout << "give up ";
      }
   }

A. 16   B. 3   C. 12   *D. 9   E. 4


Which of the following are true of the function orange given the
prototype "char *orange(int banana, double pear)"?

A. returns a character
*B. returns a pointer to a character
C. returns an integer value
D. returns a double value
E. none of the above


(41) Which loop construct is equivalent to
   while (i < 7) {
      ...
      ++i;
   }

*A. for (;i<7;++i) { ... }			D. two or more of the above
B. for (i=0; i<7; ++i) { ... }			E. none of the above
C. do { ... ++i; } while (i<7);


Given two variables m1 and m2, which code will guarantee that the larger
of the two is placed into mmax?

A. if (m1 > m2) 				D. if (m1 > mmax) 
      mmax = m1;				      mmax = m2; 
   						   else 
B. if (m1 < m2)					      mmax = m1;
      mmax = m2;
						*E. mmax = (m1 > m2 ? m1 : m2);
C. mmax = m1; 
   if (m2 > mmax) 
      mmax = m1;


What will "ff(4+3)-2*ff(5)" evaluate to, given the definition: 

   int ff (int x)
   {
      return x*2;
   }

A. -10   *B. -6   C. 6   D. 10   E. -3


Given the following code, what will be output?  

   #define SUM(x,y) x+y
   cout << 5 * SUM(2,3) * 2 << endl;

A. 50   *B. 16   C. 11   D. 0   E. 100


How many lines of output are produced by the following code?

   int x[5] = {2, 4, 1, 0, 3};
   for (i=0; i<5 && x[4-i] < 4; i++)
      cout << "computing\n";

A. 0   B. 1   C. 2   *D. 3   E. 4


How many lines of output are produced in the following?

   int x[5] = {0, 4, 2, 3, 1};
   for (int i=3; i>=0 ; i--)
   {
      for (int j=0; j<x[i]; ++j) 
      {
	 cout << "computing\n";
      }
   }

A. 5   B. 4   *C. 9   D. 24   E. 6


What will be printed by the following?

   int x[5] = {10, 12, 2, 9, 1};
   int *p = x+3;
   cout << *p << " " << *x << endl;

*A. 9 10   B. 10 9   C. 2 10   D. 1 2   E. 2 9


Given the array with declaration "int x[2][3]", which of the following
are equivalent?

A. x[1][1] and *(x+3)
B. x[0][0] and *(x+1)
*C. x[1][1] and *(x+4)
D. more than one of the above
E. none of the above


What image will this code produce?  Reminder:  COLOR(r,g,b) is a function 
(actually a macro) that produces a particular red-green-blue color value.

   for (int x=0; x<256; x++) 
   {
      for (int y=0; y<256; y++) 
      {
	 putpixel(x, y, COLOR(x, x, x));
      }
   }

A. fading from white on the top of the screen to black on the bottom
B. fading from black on the top of the screen to white on the bottom
*C. fading from black on the left side of the screen to white on the right
D. fading from white on the left side of the screen to black on the right 
E. fading from white in the upper left corner to black in the lower right


What will the following print?

   double *almost_over;
   *almost_over = 8;
   cout << *almost_over;

A. 8
B. address of variable almost_over
C. NULL
D. 0
*E. This example does not make sense