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@InCollection{Abn91,
  author = {Steven P. Abney},
  title = {Parsing by Chunks},
  booktitle = {Principle-Based Parsing: Computation and Psycholinguistics},
  editor = {Robert C. Berwick and Steven P. Abney and Carol Tenny},
  year = {1991},
  pages = {257--278},
  publisher = {Kluwer},
  address = {Dordrecht}
}

@Article{Abn97,
  author = {Steven P. Abney},
  title = {Stochastic Attribute-Value Grammars},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {23},
  number = {4},
  pages = {597--618}
}

@InProceedings{Abn99,
  author = {Steven P. Abney and Robert E. Schapire and Yoram Singer},
  title = {Boosting Applied to Tagging and {PP} Attachment},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1999 Joint SIGDAT Conference on Empirical
  Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora
  (EMNLP/VLC-99)},
  year = {1999},
  pages = {38--45},
  organization = {ACL},
  address = {College Park, MD}
}

@Article{AdeSte82,
  author = {A. E. Ades and M. J. Steedman},
  title = {On the Order of Words},
  journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy},
  year = {1982},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {517--558}
}

@Article{Adj35,
  author = {Kazimierz Adjukiewicz},
  title = {Die syntaktische {Konnexit\"{a}t}},
  journal = {Studia Philosophica},
  year = {1935},
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  pages = {1--27},
  note = {English translation ``Syntactic Connexion" by H. Weber in McCall, S.
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  1967}
}

@Article{Aha91,
  author = {David W. Aha and Dennis Kibler and Marc K. Albert},
  title = {Instance-based learning algorithms},
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  year = {1991},
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  pages = {37--66}
}

@Book{AhoSetUll86,
  author = {Albert V. Aho and Ravi Sethi and Jeffery D. Ullman},
  title = {Compilers: {P}rinciples, Techniques, and Tools},
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  publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
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@Book{AhoUll72,
  author = {Albert V. Aho and Jeffery D. Ullman},
  title = {The Theory of Parsing, Translation, and Compiling},
  year = {1972},
  volume = {1},
  publisher = {Prentice-Hall},
  address = {Englewood Cliffs, NJ}
}

@PhdThesis{Ait-Kaci,
  author = {{{A\"\i t}-Kaci}, H.},
  title = {A Lattice-Theoretic Approach to Computation Based on a Calculus of
  Partially Ordered Types},
  year = {1984},
  school = {University of Pennsylvania}
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@Article{algc,
  author = {Paul H. Algoet and Thomas M. Cover},
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  volume = {23},
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@Book{Allen95,
  author = {James Allen},
  title = {Natural Language Understanding},
  year = {1995},
  publisher = {Benjamin Cummings},
  address = {Menlo Park, CA}
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@Unpublished{damsl,
  author = {James Allen and Mark Core},
  title = {Draft of {DAMSL}: Dialog Act Markup in Several Layers},
  year = {1997},
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@InProceedings{allentrains95,
  author = {James Allen and George Ferguson and Brad Miller and Eric Ringger},
  title = {Spoken Dialogue and Interactive Planning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings {ARPA} Speech and Natural Language Workshop},
  year = {1995},
  pages = {202--207},
  publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  address = {Austin, TX}
}

@Article{AllPer80,
  author = {James Allen and Perrault, C. Raymond},
  title = {Analyzing Intention in Utterances},
  journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
  year = {1980},
  volume = {15},
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}

@Book{AllHunKla87,
  author = {Jonathan Allen and M. Sharon Hunnicut and Dennis H. Klatt},
  title = {From Text to Speech: {T}he MITalk system},
  year = {1987},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address = {Cambridge}
}

@Article{All92,
  author = {Jens Allwood and Joakim Nivre and Elisabeth {Ahls\'{e}n}},
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@Book{Alshawi:87,
  author = {Hiyan Alshawi},
  title = {Memory and Context for Language Interpretation},
  year = {1987},
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@Book{j:cle,
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@InProceedings{alc98,
  author = {Hiyan Alshawi and Srinivas Bangalore and Shona Douglas},
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  booktitle = {COLING/ACL-98},
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@PhdThesis{j:amsler1,
  author = {Robert A. Amsler},
  title = {The Structure of the Merriam-Webster Pocket Dictionary},
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@InProceedings{j:amsler2,
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@Book{JAnd95,
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@Book{Andhist85,
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@InProceedings{AoneBen:95,
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@Book{Appelt,
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@InProceedings{FASTUS6,
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  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth Message Understanding Conference
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  year = {1995},
  pages = {237--248},
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@Unpublished{AppIsr97,
  author = {Douglas E. Appelt and David Israel},
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@PhdThesis{Arch,
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  year = {1984},
  school = {MIT},
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@InCollection{Arch97,
  author = {Diana Archangeli},
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  year = {1997},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell},
  address = {Oxford}
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@Book{ArchLang,
  title = {Optimality Theory: An Overview},
  editor = {Diana Archangeli and D. Terence Langendoen},
  year = {1997},
  publisher = {Basil Blackwell},
  address = {Oxford}
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@InProceedings{j:arensnn,
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  title = {Phrasal Analysis of Long Noun Sequences},
  booktitle = {ACL-87},
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  pages = {59--64},
  organization = {ACL},
  address = {Stanford, CA}
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@InProceedings{ArgamonDaKr98,
  author = {Shlomo Argamon and Ido Dagan and Yuval Krymolowski},
  title = {A Memory-Based Approach to Learning Shallow Natural Language
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  address = {Montreal}
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@Book{Ariel:90,
  author = {Mira Ariel},
  title = {Accessing Noun Phrase Antecedents},
  year = {1990},
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@Book{Asher:93,
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@Article{atal71,
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@Book{Austin,
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@Article{BaaSpr96,
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@Article{BabGib99,
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@InProceedings{Bach76,
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@InCollection{Bach88,
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@Book{Bac20,
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@Book{j:mir,
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@InProceedings{Bah92,
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@Article{BahJelMer83,
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@InProceedings{Bailey97,
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@InProceedings{j:fmnet,
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@InProceedings{Baker79,
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@Article{BanJos99,
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@Article{BarHillel53,
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@InCollection{bh60,
  author = {Yehoshua Bar-Hillel},
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@Article{BarHillel61,
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@Book{Barnstone,
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@Book{BarBerRis87,
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@Article{kpml,
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@InCollection{bateman-hovy-survey,
  author = {John A. Bateman and Eduard H. Hovy},
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@TechReport{upper-model,
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@Book{Bauer83,
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@InProceedings{baum72,
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@Article{BauPet66,
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@Book{Bayes1763,
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@InCollection{bazell,
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@InCollection{j:bek,
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@Article{beckpierre,
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@InProceedings{Beesley96,
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@InProceedings{Bel99,
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@Book{Bellman57,
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@InProceedings{Ber98,
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@Article{j:jessup,
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@InCollection{Bever,
  author = {Thomas G. Bever},
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@Article{BirdEllison94,
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@InCollection{BirSel81,
  author = {Lawrence Birnbaum and Mallory Selfridge},
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@Misc{festival,
  author = {Black, Alan W. and Paul Taylor and Richard Caley},
  title = {The {F}estival {S}peech {S}ynthesis {S}ystem system},
  year = {1996-1999},
  institution = {{C}entre for {S}peech {T}echnology {R}esearch, {U}niversity of
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